Assignments IBL2 Free Essays

string(223) " Double Taxation Treaties between any of these states, which ones of them may impose income taxes on Ann\? On what income may they impose such taxes\? On what bases may they do so\? Situation 2: Mal Hombre was a rock star\." Assignments IBL2 November 2009-11-24 All subgroups number 1: Answer the following questions: a. end of chapter 10 questions number 1, 4, 5 and 6 b. give your opinion on the following situation: Intermediary Oil Co. We will write a custom essay sample on Assignments IBL2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now (IOC) of Country A purchased fuel oil that was at sea aboard a tanker. IOC then contracted to sell the oil to Big City Power Co. (BCPC) in Country B. At the time that IOC purchased the cargo of fuel oil, it received a certificate from the foreign refinery that had produced the oil certifying that its sulfur content was 0. 52 percent. When IOC contracted to sell the oil to BCPC, IOC stated that the sulfur content of the oil was 0. 5 percent (IOC rounded off the 0. 52 percent as was the custom in the trade). During its negotiations with BCPC, IOC learned that BCPC was allowed by local regulations to burn oil containing up to 1. 0 percent sulfur and that BCPC mixed the oils that it received containing greater or lesser percentages to maintain that amount. When the tanker arrived with the oil at BCPC’s storage depot, the oil’s sulfur content proved to be 0. 92 percent. BCPC rejected the shipment. IOC immediately offered BCPC a reduced price, but BCPC rejected this. The next day IOC offered to cure the defective shipment by substituting conforming oil that was on a tanker that was due to arrive approximately 4 weeks after the original delivery date. BCPC rejected this offer to cure. IOC then sued for breach of contract. The trial court, applying the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) as the governing law, held for IOC, concluding that IOC’s timely offer to cure had been improperly rejected and that BCPC was required to accept the substitute shipment. BCPC appealed. Should the appeals court affirm? All subgroups number 2: Give your opinion on and discuss the two following situations: Situation 1: Mellow Wine Co. of Country C (in Europe) produces and exports wines. It sold 1,245 cases of its wine to Tippler Distributing Co. in Country D (in North America). The contract did not use any trade terms or specify any delivery terms to any specific destination. Mellow, through its agent in Country D, selected Bigport for the port of entry in Country D. Mellow then delivered the wine to an ocean-going carrier at a port in Country C for transport to Country D on July 5 of last year. The shipping documents and the markings on the goods identified the wine as belonging to Tippler. Some six weeks later, on August 20, Tippler learned that the wine had been lost on the high seas on July 19 when the ship sank with all hands aboard. Tippler refused to pay Mellow. Mellow then sued Tippler for the full purchase price, claiming that the risk of loss had passed to Tippler, the buyer, at the time the wine had been delivered to the carrier. Tippler answered that because Mellow had not given it prompt notice of the shipment (not until after the ship was lost at sea) that the risk of loss had not passed from Mellow. Both Countries C and D are signatories of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and the parties’ contract designates the CISG as the governing law. Is Tippler liable for the purchase price of the wine? Situation 2: Weaver Mills Co. in Country F contracted to purchase 100,000 yards of jute from Natural Fiber Co. in Country G at US$ 0. 64 per yard. Natural delivered 22,228 yards to Weaver at Weaver’s plant, but it then informed Weaver that it would deliver no more. Several other of Weaver’s suppliers also defaulted, so Weaver was forced to purchase a total of 164,503 yards of jute in the market a month later at a price of US$ 1. 21 per yard. Weaver then sued Natural for the difference between the market price it had paid and contract price on the 77,772 yards of jute that Natural had not delivered. Both Countries F and G are signatories of the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG) and the parties’ contract designated the CISG as the governing law. Must Natural pay the amount Weaver demands? All subgroups number 3: Give your opinion on and discuss the following situation and question: Situation: Importers, Inc. , in County A contracted with Overseas Exporters, Ltd. in Country B to purchase 50 crates of army surplus boots in assorted sizes. Importers secured an irrevocable letter of credit from Home City Bank in Country A that named Overseas Exporters as the beneficiary. The credit required Overseas Exporters to produce a bill of lading naming the bank as the consignee (plus other appropriate documents) in order for it to collect payment on the credit. When Overseas Exporters placed the crates aboard a carrier for shipment, it received the required bill of lading and other documents. Importers then learned that Overseas Exporters had filled the crates with rubbish not boots. Importers promptly notified Home City Bank of this and asked the bank not to pay Overseas Exporters on the letter of credit. The bank refused. Importers has now brought suit to enjoin the bank from making payment. Should a court grant Importers request? Question: Describe the three basic systems countries have adopted to ameliorate the burden of international double taxation. Indicate which of these is most advantageous to taxpayers and why this is so. Describe which of these systems is preferred by most countries and why this is so. All subgroups number 4: Give your opinion on and discuss the following two situations: Situation 1: Ann is a citizen of State A. She resides in State B. She owns real property in State C that produces rental income. She owns personal property (stocks and bonds) in State D. Assuming that there are no Double Taxation Treaties between any of these states, which ones of them may impose income taxes on Ann? On what income may they impose such taxes? On what bases may they do so? Situation 2: Mal Hombre was a rock star. He was a resident of State A who earned most of his income in State B from performances he put on in State B. State B had signed a Double Taxation Treaty with State C that was modeled on the provisions of the OECD and UN Model Treaties. Mal established his residency in State C as of January 1, 1998, by filing a declaration with State C’s tax authority. Each year since then he has lived 3 months in State C, 4 months in State A, and 5 months in State B. Mal also set up a company in State C, Mal Compania, that employed him as its sole employee and which received all of its income from his performances in State B. Mal Compania’s directors are all residents of State B, and the board holds all of its meetings in State B. State B seeks to assess taxes on Mal for his income from his performances in State B since January 1, 1998. Mal argues that he is exempt from State B taxation for those performances because of the Double Taxation Treaty between State B and State C. Is Mal correct? All subgroups number 5: Give your opinion on and discuss the following two situations: Situation 1: Imogene is an Arizona certified public accountant with an office in the US town of Nogales, Arizona. She prepares tax returns for a variety of clients, but she specializes in doing so for migrant farm workers. More than half of her clients pay for her services in cash. Rather than deposit this income in a local bank account she puts it in a suitcase, drives across the nearby border with Mexico and deposits it in a bank in the Mexican town of Nogales. This bank pays exceptionally high interest rates on her deposits and over the past five years she has earned more than $335,000 in interest income on her deposits in Mexico. Recently, the Mexican bank informed the US Internal Revenue Service’s Criminal Investigation Division (CID) about Imogene’s deposits and interest income. Because Imogene had not reported the interest income on her US federal income tax returns, the CID contacted her for an explanation. First, she told the CID that it had to be mistaken, that she had no money deposited in Mexico. When the CID asked to see her business records, she asked her secretary, Joe, to hide the journal that showed her real income and give the CID a doctored journal that did not show Imogene’s cash income. Joe refused to do so and he gave the CID the undoctored journal. When confronted with this income, Imogene said she was trying to keep the income hidden from clients who might sue her for malpractice. She also said that the Mexican bank had told her that the interest income earned there was exempt from US taxes. When confronted with a certified letter from the bank’s president denying this, Imogene said that a Mexican lawyer must have told her that interest earned in Mexico is tax exempt, but she couldn’t remember the lawyer’s name. The IRS subsequently assessed Imogene for the taxes due on the unreported $335,000 of interest income plus a 50 percent penalty for having committed tax fraud. Imogene has appealed to your court to set aside the IRS’s determination that she committed tax fraud. Situation 2: Tatum is a famous movie star who is a national of State T. Tatum now lives in a large house in Hollywood in State U five months out of each year. The rest of the time she lives in a beach house in State V. She makes all of her movies, earns all of her income, and receives all of her royalty income in State U from the State U companies that produce the movies she acts in. She has not lived in State T for fifteen years, she earns no income there, and she has not paid any income taxes to State T for the fifteen years she has been out of the country. Nevertheless, State T has assessed her for delinquent income taxes for those fifteen years. Tatum denies that she has to pay. State T and State U are parties to a Double Taxation Treaty that is modeled on the provisions of the OECD and UN Model Treaties and Tatum claims that the treaty excuses her from having tax liability to State T. State T and State V are not parties to such a treaty. The matter has been assigned to your court in State T for review of the State T taxing authority’s assessment. All subgroups number 6 Answer the following questions: a. end of chapter 9 questions number 1, 4, and 9 b. give your opinion on and discuss the following situation: In 1985, Dr. Klutz Bumpkin in State X discovered a nitrogen-phosphate compound that was inexpensive to manufacture and which served as a superior fertilizer for legumes. Dr. Bumpkin’s discovery, however, was never patented in State X. Instead, information about the compound, which came to be called Nitrophos, was published in a variety of scientific and agricultural journals worldwide, including several publications of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) in 1986 and 1987. Several of these journals were on file in the national library of State Y (a small developing country) as well as in the library of State Y’s two universities. Each of the libraries’ records shows, however, that these journals had never been checked out or used by anyone prior to 1992. In 1988, Omni Chemical Co. , a multinational corporation headquartered in State Z, applied for a patent in State Y for the production of a fertilizer called â€Å"Fast Grow39,† the formula of which included cornstarch and Nitrophos. The State Y Patent Office advertised the application in its Official Journal and no one opposed it. Omni accordingly received the patent. Recently, Green Chemical, Ltd. in State Y began to produce a fertilizer in competition with Omni’s Fast Grow 39 called â€Å"GreenUp. Omni had a sample of GreenUp analyzed and the analysis showed that GreenUp contained the same cornstarch and Nitrophos formula as Fast Grow 39. Omni, thereupon, brought suit for patent infringement. Green countersued to have Omni’s patent revoked. Has there been an infringement or should the request for revocation be granted? All subgr oups 7 Give your opinion on and discuss the following two situations: Situation 1: Leatherette, Ltd. manufactures a line of leather goods in State A, a member state of the European Union (EU). All of its products have the letters LL embossed on them as a distinctive mark. Leatherette owns the LL trademark in State A, and it has assigned the right to apply for and obtain the same trademark to licensees in the other EU member states (including licensees in State B and State C). As part of this licensing agreement, the licensees are given the exclusive right to distribute Leatherette products within the boundaries of their respective states. They are forbidden, however, from exporting the goods to any other state. KopyKat Co. has taken to buying Leatherette products in State B and reselling then in State C because it can do so at a profit. The Leatherette licensee in State C, which owns the trademark LL in State C, has brought suit for trademark infringement and it seeks an order that would stop KopyKat from importing the Leatherette products with the LL mark into State C. Will the licensee be successful? Situation 2: ClotheCo is the owner of a trademark that it puts on a line of distinctive men’s clothing that it sells in State C. This clothing is distinctive in part because it is all of the same color: â€Å"robin’s egg blue. † ClotheCo has licensed Dress Co. in State D to use its trademark. The licensing agreement forbids Dress Co. from exporting its products out of State D, and it requires Dress Co. to sell its products only to persons who agree not to export those products from State D for resale. Additionally, Dress Co. is only allowed to use the trademark on clothing that is colored â€Å"powder pink. † Parallel Co. buys the clothing manufactured by Dress Co. in State D and imports it into State C for sale there. ClotheCo has now brought suit against Parallel Co. , claiming that the goods Parallel Co. is importing into State C infringe ClotheCo. ’s trademark. Will ClotheCo succeed? How to cite Assignments IBL2, Essay examples

Website Development

Question: Discuss about theWebsite Development. Answer: Introduction Overview Design a website is a joined perspective of numerous innovations, similar to HTML, CSS, JavaScript and much more. Each website has two sides, one is customer site, and another is the server side. For this situation, one and only side is utilized that is customer side. To build up this site, the designer used HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. This site depends on a college named Victorian Institute of Technology. Motivation HTML is a simple and straightforward client-side dialect. To outline the Victorian Institute of Technology website, the web originator utilized HTML for its straightforwardness and adaptability. Another scripting language is javascript that is additionally exceptionally adaptable like HTML. So the utilization of javascript extremely helpful to outline a website. Plan an instructive organization site is extremely useful for the web designer to enhance his or her aptitudes. Website Design Audience The site is intended for the student those are want to take admission in Victorian Institute of Technology. The present students of the Victorian Institute of Technology can get advantages by this site website. Therefore, the web designer focused on the international and domestic students. Functions and Nature of the Institute Victorian Institute of Technology is an internal university. Numerous kind of courses is accessible here (Vadivu, Sumathy Vadivel, 2012). They offer different type of courses for the international and domestic students. They additionally offer various type courses. For the advanced education reason, they offer one specialized stream that is the bachelor of information technology and system. Fee structure of this foundation is also short (Robson, Freeman, 2012). The student support section is great then the other organization. They give online admission facility to their students (Vit.edu.au, 2016). Special Approach The site support numerous functionality, for example, contact page, student information page, about us page and some more (Bassil, 2012). The about us page content the university data. In the main page, one slider is added to demonstrate some data about the Victorian Institute of Technology. The HTML is utilized to make the page contain. CSS is utilized to outline and style all site pages. Javascript is utilized as a part of this site plan reason. In the contact page, java script is utilized for the acceptance reason (Pattanayak, Patra Puthal, 2013). This is a couple of unique ways to design this configuration this Victorian Institute of Technology website. Flow Chart Figure 1: Flow Chart of website design (Source: Created by Author) Website Map Figure 2: Website Map (Source: Created by Author) Screenshots of the Web Site Screenshot: Home Page Suggestions to Improve Existingwebsite The present site can be enhanced by utilizing bunches of innovation. Students movement can be included the understudy page to enhance the current website. By including drop-down menu bar on each page, the site can be improved. Course details and fees structure can be included this current website to enhance. This site is only a model configuration for the last site. So the site can be enhanced in many ways. Including more powerful CSS and javascript in each page, the current site can be made advances. Including the foundation map in the contact us page can be exceptionally useful for the users. These are the few recommendation to enhance the present site. Conclusion In this paper, the detail design and planning procedure are described. The flow of the outlining stage also describes by a flow chart. This site depends on a specialized establishment. Hypertext markup language or HTML, CSS and Javascript is utilized to design this site. All the web pages are designed very carefully to attract the user. Logo of the site also put on each page. A menu bar is also used to connect each website page. The overall website is exceptionally attractable, and its usefulness is extremely simple. References Bassil, Y. (2012). Autonomic HTML Interface Generator for Web Applications. International journal of Web Semantic Technology, 3(1), pp.33-47. Pattanayak, B., Patra, S. Puthal, B. (2013). Optimizing AST Node for Java Script Compiler A lightweight Interpreter for Embedded Device. JCP, 8(2). Robson, E. Freeman, E. (2012). Head first HTML and CSS. Beijing: O'Reilly. Vadivu, P., Sumathy, P. Vadivel, A. (2012). Image Retrieval from WWW using Attributes in HTML TAGs. Procedia Technology, 6, pp.509-516. Vit.edu.au, (2016). Professional development in Melbourne, Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.vit.edu.au [Accessed 1 June. 2016].

Israel Foreign Policy Essays - ArabIsraeli Conflict,

Israel Foreign Policy Israel is located in the Middle East, along the eastern coastline of the Mediterranean Sea, bordered by Lebanon, Syria, Jordan and Egypt. It lies at the junction of three continents: Europe, Asia, and Africa. Long and narrow in shape the country is only 290 miles in length and 85 miles in width at its widest point. Israel is a country of immigrants. Since its creation in 1948, the population has increased seven-fold. Today, its over six million inhabitants represent many different cultures and traditions, including Jews from Ethiopia, Morocco, the Soviet Union, Europe and America. Jews from around the world have immigrated to Israel and make up 80% of the Israeli population. The other 20% is made up mostly of Arabs. (Encyclopedia Britannica) On May 14, 1948, immediately following the proclamation of the state of Israel, President Harry S. Truman extended recognition to the new state. This act marked the beginning of a relationship based on common values and characterized by deep friendship, economic support and mutual respect. The similarities between the two countries are notable: both are vibrant democracies anchored in liberal traditions; both began as pioneer societies; and both are still receiving and integrating new immigrants. Israel is the only democracy in the Middle East, a region dominated by authoritarian and military regimes. In a very unstable region of the world, Israel stands out as the only country with regular, competitive elections, a free press, and free speech. By supporting Israel, the U.S. stays true to its historic national commitment to strengthen fellow democracies. In addition, Israel is a reliable strategic partner in the fight against terrorism, the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction by rogue regimes; state-sponsored terrorism; the potential disruption of access to Middle East oil; and the spread of Islamic radicalism. The U.S. Israeli partnership has also been cost effective, avoiding the expensive deployment of American troops. No U.S. troops have ever been required to protect Israel, while by comparison America maintains 135,000 troops in Europe and spends nearly $80 billion each year on the defense of Europe.(Country Study, 234) Maintaining Israel's military advantage has proven an efficient way to ensure that American interests will prevail against the forces of terror, authoritarianism, and extremism. Despite constant tensions with Arab neighbors, border disputes, full-out war, terrorist threats, and a yet unresolved Palestinian problem, the U.S. has remained loyal to Israel. America's long-standing commitment allows Israel to negotiate with its former and current adversaries from a position of strength. Israel can take risks for peace only because of unwavering American support; this support has also prodded Israel's Arab neighbors to deal directly with Israel. (JSOURCE) The Clinton administration has played a key role in the Middle East peace process by actively supporting the agreements between Israel and the Palestinians, Israel's peace treaty with Jordan, negotiations with Syria and efforts to promote regional cooperation, including an end to the Arab boycott. Pledging to maintain Israel's qualitative edge, it has also committed itself to minimizing the security risks that Israel might incur in its pursuit of peace. Moreover, the United States has recently taken several important measures to back Israel in its war against terrorism. The continuing and deepening amity between Israel and the United States has been defined by various American administrations in terms ranging from the preservation of Israel as a 'basic tenet' of American foreign policy, with emphasis on a 'special relationship' between the two states, to a declaration of an American commitment to Israel. (Country Study, 245) By the early 1980s, Israel was regarded by the United States as a strategic asset and was designated, in accordance with legislation passed the previous year, as a major non-NATO ally. Congressional backing for Israel is bipartisan. Support for annual military and economic assistance, the peace process and Israel's struggle against terrorism have been hallmarks of Congress' commitment to United States-Israel friendship, as was the passage of legislation (1995) recognizing Jerusalem as the united capital of Israel and calling for the establishment of the United States embassy in Jerusalem by May 1999. The special relationship encompasses mutual economic, political, strategic and diplomatic concerns. Israel currently receives some $3 billion a year in security and economic aid, and bilateral trade has been enhanced by the Israel-United States Free Trade Area Agreement (1985). (JSOURCE) A growing number of joint ventures sponsored by Israeli and American industrial firms have been established, and several American states have entered into 'state-to-state' agreements with Israel, involving activities ranging from culture to agriculture. Israel has expressed eagerness to share with the international community skills learned from its own development

Imply vs. Infer

Imply vs. Infer Imply vs. Infer Imply vs. Infer By Jacquelyn Landis If you have trouble choosing between imply and infer, you’re not alone. Many writers switch them even though they have distinct meanings. To imply is to suggest or express indirectly. To infer is to draw a conclusion. However, you’ll frequently see something like this: The news story inferred that the defendant was guilty. Even though some dictionaries support infer as a synonym for imply, the distinction is important. Without it, the meaning of the above example is unclear. Did the news story draw the conclusion that the defendant was guilty? Or did it simply suggest it? You really can’t tell for certain, can you? When you’re striving for clarity in writing, it’s critical to use the right words. In the case of imply and infer, it helps to remember that the speaker implies and the listener infers. Here are some quotations from newspapers: husband, Vitaly Stepanov, spoke with reporters and detailed the gravity of their situation. In it, Stepanova seemed to imply they feared for their safety, saying, If something happens to us, all of you should know, its not an (www.chicagotribune.com) if your tax returns are very classy, but not quite this classy? If you don’t release your returns, voters will infer that they’re not the very best tax returns. And if that’s all they know, they’ll infer that you’re in the (www.nytimes.com) at Duke University in North Carolina. Soft tissues are not preserved in fossils, so researchers have had to infer the details of dinosaur brains from the faint impressions the organs leave on the insides of fossilised skulls. (www.theguardian.com) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:75 Synonyms for â€Å"Angry†40 Fish IdiomsOne "L" or Two?

A Christmas Carol Essay Example for Free (#13)

A Christmas Carol Essay Christ (509) , Charles Dickens (378) , Christmas (159) , A Christmas Carol (87) , Christmas Carol (60) , Bob Cratchit (35) , good extended (7) , Powerful (1) company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints ? The Ghost of Christmas Past is the epitome of the contradictions of youth and age as well as winter and spring. The ghost has a beam of light jetting from his head and Scrooge extinguishes the light when he feels that he is unable to bear any of the other memories that the ghost is showing him. By showing Scrooge his past, the ghost has makes him realize that he has changed drastically from who he was when he was young and that his interests have turned from people to money. The Ghost of Christmas Present is a friendly, generous giant who shows Scrooge the homes of Bob Cratchit as well as Scrooge’s nephew, Fred. In both homes, good will is extended toward Scrooge although he has never shown the same good will to either his clerk, or his nephew. As the time passes the ghost, who was young when he first appeared to Scrooge, seems to age in the way that the present changes to the past with the passing of time. Then, just as he is approaching his last moments, the ghost shows Scrooge that want and ignorance are two products of society that will destroy it if not combated against by those who can prevent both social ills. The Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come is a dark phantom, and the only part of this ghost that Scrooge sees, beyond his black robe, is a hand with which he points at the things Scrooge is to take notice of. This ghost shows Scrooge how he will die, and it is a sad scene. Scrooge begs the ghost to tell him that this fate can be changed if he changes his ways, but the ghost doesn’t answer him. Scrooge is left only with the knowledge that he must change and become a more charitable person if he is to alter the fate that the ghost revealed to him. Last of the major characters is Tiny Tim who is Bob Cratchit’s youngest son. He is a lame boy with a cheerful nature despite his ailments and symbolises hope. At the Christmas church service, Tim hopes that people will look at his ailment and be reminded of how Christ healed the lame and blind. Tiny Tim’s guileless nature impresses Scrooge, and when he learns from the Ghost of Christmas Present that Tiny Tim will die soon, Scrooge is saddened. The Ghost of Christmas Yet to Come also shows the Cratchit house without Tiny Tim, and the vision is a sad one. Scrooge is touched by the gentleness of the little boy and wishes to prevent this fate from occurring. There are also some minor characters in ‘A Christmas Carol’ but who also play an important part of the story. Firstly there is Fred, Scrooge’s nephew (his deceased sister’s son), is a pauper, but a cheerful man nonetheless. He comes to the counting house to wish Scrooge a merry Christmas and invite his uncle to dine with himself and his wife on Christmas Day. Scrooge, however, refuses to associate with his nephew. Fred actually pities his miserly uncle because although he has all that money, he is still alone and unhappy. Fred insists that he will visit Scrooge at Christmas every year no matter whether or not Scrooge ever agrees to dine with Fred and his wife. After his visitation by the three ghosts of Christmas, Scrooge attends the Christmas dinner at Fred’s home and enjoys himself immensely. Secondly there is Mr. Fezziwig who was Scrooge’s kind and generous employer. He revisits the memory of his employment with Fezziwig when the Ghost of Christmas Past shows him Fezziwig’s great Christmas party. The memory of this kind employer makes Scrooge feel a twinge of regret at how poorly he treats Bob Cratchit, his own employee. Last of the minor but nonetheless important characters is Belle, the young woman who once loved and was loved by Scrooge. Unfortunately, his love for her was replaced by his love for money, and she did not want to be second in favour to gold. She left him and went her own way after that and married. Scrooge remained alone. The Ghost of Christmas Past reminds him of why Belle left him and shows him where his life began going the wrong direction While reciting ‘A Christmas Carol’ I noticed some themes that were entwined within the story, the most important themes of the story are stated more or less clearly by characters in it. The first of these might be Marley’s saying, â€Å"Business†¦ Mankind was my business†. Where Scrooge sees business in the familiar sense of trade and finance, Marley now sees that one’s â€Å"business† is what one should do in life, duty or obligation. Mankind is or was not just Marley’s business of course, but Scrooge’s business, your business and mine, in fact, everyone’s. Secondly, Scrooge’s unkind remark that poor people should die and â€Å"reduce the surplus population† brings us to another theme of the story. When Scrooge asks if Tiny Tim will die he is reminded of these words. Why? Because the â€Å"surplus population† is not an abstraction but real individuals. Scrooge is told by the Ghost of Christmas Present to find out â€Å"What the surplus is, and where it is† before making such statements. Another theme is that change is possible however set we are in our ways. Dickens imagines the most miserable and hard-hearted man he can, and shows how he can be reformed if he sees his responsibilities. The message that Dickens is trying to get across is one of happiness. If you live your life in seclusion, only speaking to those who you must and always being nasty, you can never be truly happy. Dickens uses Scrooge as the epitome of selfishness and we are supposed to realise this and contrast it with Tiny Tim’s attitude of caring and sharing. Tiny Tim is the epitome of joy and hope; he is the person in the book with who we are supposed to learn from. The ghosts are the conduit from which we are to understand the past, present, and future of an unhappy man. A Christmas Carol. (2017, Sep 23).

Economics of Sport Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Economics of Sport - Essay Example Without this sports excitement, the league and the events would be dull and would not attract fans and customers. The uniqueness of the sports world lies in the fact that they develop their business on selling competition. One of the key features of the economics of sports is that the demand for its product is related to the uncertainty of the outcome (Garland, Malcom & Rowe, 2000). The league attempts to restrict competition so that no one team is able to gain too much market power or excessive dominance. If any team of professional team sports gains monopoly, it would cause the revenue to disappear altogether (Garland, Malcom & Rowe, 2000). There are many ways to measure competitive balances, the most frequently used metrics are standard deviation and win percentages of the teams for a given year, ratio of the actual to idealized standardized standard deviation of win percentages, ratio of top to bottom win percentages, the range of win percentages, the gini coefficient of win percentages and the excess tail frequencies (Zimbalist, 2004). It is assumed that fans have a strong preference of uncertainty of outcomes for the purpose of hopes and expectations. The best measure to use would be one to which consumers show most sensitivity (Zimbalist, 2004). In his book â€Å"Handbook of sports economics† (2006) Fizel explains that there are many measures of competitive balance, but their efficacy is still argued over. However the arguments over the relative efficacy are due to the inability to understand the distinction between the three main elements of competitive balance. remain at the top and those which are not remain at the bottom for long periods of time. Although it is widely agree that competitive balance is essential for keeping fans interested, it has also been viewed that in certain cases the home team’s performance has a significant impact on the attendance. This is in contrast to the hypotheses of uncertainty of outcome. This probability

Black Holes (Astronomy) Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Black Holes (Astronomy) - Term Paper Example This means that the general perception that if the sun runs out of its nuclear fuel and is turned into a black hole it will suck the Earth into it, is wrong (Novikov). A region of influence surrounds a black hole from where any mass or light cannot escape. At the boundary of this region light starts leaving the black hole thus the escape velocity from the gravitational field of the black hole at this point becomes equal to the speed of light. The set of such points surrounding the black hole where the escape velocity becomes equal to the speed of light forms a curved boundary which is known as event horizon. The calculation of the distance of event horizon from the centre of a black hole is a simple process if the black hole is uncharged and stationary, however in case of a charged and rotating black hole; the calculations involve very complex equations of particle physics. For a simple non-rotating and uncharged black hole, the radius of the event horizon is found to be directly proportional to the mass of the black hole and inversely proportional to the square of the speed of light. The effective mass of a black hole is the entire mass contained inside the boundaries of event horizon (Raine and Thomas). Black holes are of various different types the most common of which is stellar mass black holes which have masses up to 10 to 15 times of the mass of sun. The stellar mass black holes are formed when a star runs out of its nuclear fuel. A huge supernova explosion supersedes the formation of a black hole. The explosion results in the formation of a black core at the place where the parent star of the black hole existed. The boundary of the mass of the star only defines the core of black hole and after the formation of the black hole its influence extends up to the event horizon. Some of the black holes are present in the core of the galaxies and are of gigantic sizes ranging from